THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
A. USE
1. The Present Perfect tense is used to express actions which have
just or already been completed at the time of speaking or writing.
Present Perfect, geçmişte konuşma anına yakın bir zamanda bitmiş ve etkisi hala devam eden eylem veya olaylardan bahsedirken
kullanılır.
I have done my homework already.
She has answered half the questions.
In the first example, the use of the Present Perfect tense emphasizes the fact
that, at the time of speaking or writing, the work has already been completed.
In the second example, the use of the Present Perfect indicates that, at the
time of speaking or writing, half the questions have been answered.
Birinci örnekte, "ödevin çoktan tamamlandığı" vurgulanmakta; ikinci örnekte ise
konuşma anında "kişinin soruların yarısını cevapladığı" ve "kalan soruları da
cevaplayacağı" ima ediliyor. Geçmişte başlayan bir olayın veya etkilerinin hala
devam etmesi halinde Present Perfect kullanılır.
2. The Present Perfect tense epresses the very recent past.
Yakın geçmişten bahsederken Present Perfect kullanılır.
They've just left.
I've just
come!
3. It also tells of a state or situation which has started in the past and is
continuing up to now.
Geçmişte başlamış ve hala devam etmekte olan olayları ifade etmek için Present Perfect kullanılır. Bu anlamı
ifade eden cümlelerde "for, since, so far, until now, lately, recently, already, just, yet" gibi zaman zarfları kullanılabilir.
I
have lived in New York for seven years. (I am still living there.)
I
have studied
English Language Teaching since 2002. (I am still studying ELT.)
B. STRUCTURE
Positive Structure:
|
I |
have |
|
|
|
You |
have |
|
|
He |
has |
|
|
She |
has |
worked. |
|
It |
has |
|
|
We |
have |
|
|
They |
have |
|
Note: In Present Perfect tense, if the main
verb is irregular, its 3rd form should be used.
(Present perfect tense'in olumlu, olumsuz ve soru cümlelerinde, düzensiz
fiillerin 3. hali kullanılır.)
Negative Structure:
|
I |
haven't |
|
|
You |
haven't |
|
|
He |
hasn't |
|
|
She |
hasn't |
worked. |
|
It |
hasn't |
|
|
We |
haven't |
|
|
They |
haven't |
|
Question structure:
|
Have |
I |
|
|
|
Have |
You |
|
|
Has |
He |
|
|
Has |
She |
worked? |
|
Has |
It |
|
|
Have |
We |
|
|
Have |
They |
|
